Past Exam Paper

The current obligation area of the organization's Balance Sheet on 30 June 2011 should appear: a. Bank Loan $100,000. b. Bank Loan $500,000. c. Bank Loan $500,000, Interest Payable $50,000. d. Bank Loan $1 00,000; Interest Payable $50,000. e. Bank Loan $1 00,000; Interest Payable $20,000. 4. Ham Ltd is going to issue $30 Million of debentures with a 7% coupon rate in the open obligation advertise. On the date of issue the market pace of premium is 6%. What amount should Ham hope to get for the issue of debentures (barring any exchange cost). a. $30 million b. More than $30 million c.Less than $30 million d. $31 million e. The appropriate response can't be resolved from the data given Page 1 of 18 ACCT 7101: Accounting-Final Examination, Second Semester, 2011 5. Isolation of obligations includes: a. Guaranteeing that lone representatives with proper bookkeeping capabilities work in the bookkeeping office. b. Genuinely ensuring delicate resources. c. Giving each staff part an individua l secret key. d. Guaranteeing installments are possibly made when joined by suitable approved documentation. e. Isolating record-shielding from treatment of benefits. 6.When pperforming bank compromise, the completion balance on the Bank Statement ought to be balanced for which of the accompanying things to acquire the right Cash at Bank balance? a. Shamed (NSF) checks. b. Unpresented checks. c. Mistakes made by the bookkeeper. d. Premium got by the bank. e. The entirety of the abovementioned. 7. Truckie Ltd utilizes the never-ending stock framework. stock? b. Dr Accounts Receivable, Cr Sales income. In what manner should it record a credit offer of a. Dr COGS, Cr Inventory; Dr Accounts Receivable, Cr Sales income. c. Dr Inventory, Cr COGS; Dr Accounts Receivable, Cr Sales income

Macbeth - Downfall Of A Hero :: essays research papers

Macbeth’s make progress toward power influences each part of his life, and this inspiration in the long run prompts his death. A wide range of components assume a critical job in choosing his disastrous future. With his wife’s coaxing, and the three witches’ prognosticating of his future Macbeth, will remain determined to pick up position as King of Scotland. The witches and their predictions are the principal significant effect on Macbeth’s activities. Macbeth, Thane of Glamis is content with his situation, until the three witches let him know, "hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor, thou shalt be King hereafter." (I, iii.). In the wake of hearing this, Macbeth and Banquo, his faithful companion, discover that King Duncan has named Macbeth "Thane of Cawdor." They consider about how the remainder of the prescience will work out as expected. The witches likewise prompt them that Banquo’s child would be King one day. Macbeth composes a letter to Lady Macbeth clarifying what has occurred. Macbeth goes to the acknowledgment that for him to in certainty become King, he should crush as of late named beneficiary to the seat, Malcolm, the King’s child, and furthermore forestall Banqou’s child from accessing the seat. Macbeth gets back and he and his significant other must play host to the King. Woman Macbeth starts to ponder what "impedes thee from the brilliant round" (I, v). She urgently needs her Macbeth to be King and she calls upon the "aids of sprits"(I, v) to help her as she continued looking for the seat. Woman Macbeth demands that the, "sprits that tend on mortal thoughts," to unsex her, and fill her with the "direst cruelty†¦" (I, v.). The otherworldly world will help her in the solidifying of her heart and make it feasible for her to complete her malevolent arrangement. Woman Macbeth wishes to toss out her ethical quality for increasing a title. With the assistance of imperceptible sprits, she needs to make herself ready to submit an intolerable demonstration of homicide to make her fantasies of the imperial life work out, without having reservations or regret. She moves toward Macbeth with her plan to slaughter King Duncan. Macbeth, albeit needing the prescience to work out as expected, and become lord, comes up short on the excitement as his significant other does, to submit the homicide. Woman Macbeth urges Macbeth to follow up on his wants or he will consider himself a quitter. Lord Duncan is welcome to Macbeth’s manor, and it is there that he will be executed.

MAE504case3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MAE504case3 - Research Paper Example This is indistinguishable from hypothesis gotten deductively from amazing hypothesis, without help of information. This could wind up fitting no information by any means. Grounded hypothesis tends to the contentions realized by different speculations particularly the fantastic hypothesis, which individuals guarantee, is indistinguishable from grounded hypothesis. While terrific hypothesis may wind up fitting no information particularly in the event that it doesn't pick up information help, grounded hypothesis relies upon nothing and guarantees a total dataset (Bryant and Charmaz, 2007). All examination hypotheses support grounded hypothesis since they all fall under a similar classification. For instance, grounded hypothesis and stupendous hypothesis are pretty much the equivalent in light of the fact that them two location the issue of information. Them two are utilized in filling the databases from the results built up on the ground after a broad research. Simply, similar to the next research speculations, for example, marking and polished skill hypotheses, grounded, hypothesis takes a case other than practical viewpoint (Bryant and Charmaz, 2007). This makes separation of this point of view practically outlandish. This demonstrates the scientist takes particular cases to be finished, in which the factors cooperate as a unit to produce a few results. All the examination hypotheses utilize case-arranged viewpoint in looking at how factors collaborate. The essential idea of the grounded hypothesis approach is to peruse a literary database like a corpus of field notes. This is done to distinguish or mark factors generally alluded to as ideas, classes, and properties, just as, their interrelationships (Bryant and Charmaz, 2007). The ability to recognize factors and affiliations is called â€Å"theoretical sensitivity†. This is affected by the numeral of things fascinating a person’s perusing of writing and his work of methods organized to encourage empathy. This implies the methodological way to deal with grounded hypothesis is through hypothetical affectability. It is

Abstractness of Racism - Free Essay Example

The United States of America the piping hot, effervescing â€Å"melting pot of the world†. This term was coined in the late 1880’s due to mass European emigration for various reasons. Instead of refusing these fleeing souls, the idea of acceptance, regardless of race, was universally preached. The melting pot was used to symbolize the creation of a cohesive, new American culture and identity. This, in some ways did occur. However, this preconception is more than wrong. Our society is a salad bowl; an uneven mixture of different ingredients mixed randomly that all come together to represent a salad yet still hold fast to their own, respective identities. This â€Å"salad† has had and still has many problems. Throughout history and in recent times, Racial tensions have proliferated greatly and have become more profound and frequent, raising questions about the future of our nation, due to our inability to resolve these domestic issues. As complicated as these issues are, they are based on the abstract concept that is Race. Race is not real. Race is merely a social category we choose and are influenced to abide by, not something that is scientifically backed nor is it genetically driven. Through the examination of societal implicit biases, the true science behind human identity and appearance and decades of research, the overbearing blanket perspective that Race is hereditary will sanguinely dissolve or change. Conceptual Abstraction: Is Math Racist? To challenge a generalized and accepted notion, one must attack directly. Race is not a biological nor genetic attribute. Race, similar to concepts like Arithmetic, are abstract – â€Å"existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence† and defined as ‘insufficiently factual†, â€Å"difficult to understand† and â€Å"dissociated from any specific instance by Merriam Webster. All of these definitions ring true for the topic of race. Adam Rutherford, British geneticist and author of A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived, states that he is â€Å"unaware of any group of people that can be defined by their DNA in a scientifically satisfactory way† and proceeds to states that in terms of science and â€Å"as far as genetics are concerned, race does not exist† (Rutherford 218-219). With this, Rutherford also states that genetic sciences are founded on the â€Å"studies of racial inequalities of a racistâ⠂¬ . To solidify this argument, that race is abstract we compare it to the previous mentioned abstract concept, mathematics. Francis Galton, the Victorian scientist and half cousin of Charles Darwin, measured the biometrics of different people of different ethnic backgrounds and categorized them, mathematically, through statistics. Galton utilizes this quantitative data to validate He labels Chinese as â€Å"materialistic†, â€Å"Negroes† as vastly inferior, â€Å"Hindoos† as lacking in â€Å"strength and business habits† and that the â€Å"Arab[s]†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are merely â€Å"eaters †¦of other men’s produce†¦ a destroyer† (Rutherford 227). Despite his biased views and corrupted motivation for this development, Galton invented modern statistical tools we continue to use to this day and began the trek in human biometrics. He introduced the idea of â€Å"nature versus nurture†, which propounds conflict between these two factors, when in actuality they work together conjunctly. (Rutherford). Race has played a significant role in the studying and research of genetics. Galton was not the only prominent geneticist who spouted racist views. James Watson, co-discoverer of the double helix structure of DNA – expressed racist views shown by his various tests, measuring the capacity and actuality of human intelligence in different categories, groups and settings, all of which based upon the color of one’s skin (Malloy). Though morally, one wishes that the way he talks about race has no logical legitimacy but there is some truth to it. Jason Malloy states that Watson’s â€Å"Intelligence tests do reveal large differences between European and sub-Saharan African nations, the evidence does link these differences to universally valued outcomes, both within and between nations† (Malloy). One can easily argue that this is due to environmental factors. No research is needed to justify the fact the European cities are more developed than Sub-Saharan communiti es. With development, there is a greater chance for better education and employment. Nonetheless, the science which was developed to validate intellect capacity due to physical differences between humans, has ironically done the opposite; Modern Genetics have proven that there is no essential foundation for people of different groups. The quickest rebuttal to this is the fact that different groups of people have different values in terms of pigmentation. Skin color, and specifically the lightness or darkness, is determined by one gene mutation. Elizabeth Kolbert of the National Geographic explains the simplicity of the difference in skin color as â€Å"the mutation that’s most responsible for giving Europeans lighter skin is a single tweak in a gene known as SLC24A5, which consists of roughly 20,000 base pairs. In one position, where most sub-Saharan Africans have a G, Europeans have an A (Kolbert)†. The difference of one letter, one chemical is the basis for our separation and categorization of humans. Yes, there are various inherited and physical trai ts, the most recognizable being physiognomies, that are concomitant with certain populations, however, these traits do not belong solely to groups they are initially categorized with or with any group. A clear example of this are the physical similarities between various Hispanic people and those of Middle Eastern descent. Common physical features do not equate to common genetics but still are grouped into a racial category. In his article, Rutherford presents this example that Tibetans, who are visually similar to many other Asians, would be grouped as Chinese. However, Tibetans are genetically adapted to high altitude, rendering Chinese people more similar to Europeans than their superficially similar neighbors, in terms of genetics and adaptation (Rutherford). These regional adaptations are concrete, yet the means in which we comprehend and act upon that physical difference is based solely upon the if we categorize these features with other features, which then get grouped as commonalties for a race. Humans are too â€Å"horny and mobile†, and in that way we are the same. We are not separated by Race Race doesn’t exist, yet racism does. A question which is utilized frequently in order to solidify the fact that race is real is that â€Å"If Race Is Not Real, why is Racism Real?† Upon first encounter, one sees it as common sense. There’s no way Race is not real if people still treat others differently. This is the intended point. People and Society naturally categorize things, as stated in the Blindspot. However, one can still choose how they interact and go about this individual or groups of those different from oneself. Back to Math, Statistics, developed by Galton, were solely invented in order to prove White Superiority over other races. Math itself is an abstract concept in which society as a whole has globally accepted as a truth. No one questions if One is One or if 76 is truly 76, it is merely known and understood. Same goes for race. No one questions why we automatically categorize people with attributes. There is nothing wrong with categorizing people into groups, until these groups are inaccur ately labeled in some ways. A group of Jews, whether it be those of Israel or those of the Jewish faith, are a group of Jews, not stingy or frugal. The thin, almost-transparent line between categorization and stereotyping must be broadened, in order to defer this active racism. Additionally, Racism served, and can be argued that it still serves, as justification. The media does an unfortunately excellent job of playing off this tension and vulnerability by utilizing almost a macro-level version of confirmation bias and general stereotypes. The best known examples are White Extremists such as the Ku Klux Klan. Their overtly violent racism is merely justified by the fact that White Culture is American Culture, expressed through chants such as â€Å"You will not replace us†. Another form of justification is the need for them to ameliorate society. Some felt a moral responsibility to Eugenics, the negative connotation of this word, which played a large role in the forced and unknown sterilization of 20,000 minority men and women in California. Seen as helping control poverty and crime in the United States, these medical staff prided themselves as heroes, when really they committed 20,000+ murders. This shows the solidifying of racism. This engrained idealism of racial superiority has plagued our nation for too long. Our natural categorization is not wrong, but the values and that certain groups are branded by are. The word â€Å"Race† typically is utilized in a negative means, in order to differentiate different people. Race was and is a societal construct of institutionalism, developed in order to justify the oppression of those of color. Race is not real, but people who utilize physical and ethnic differences are. The only way to ameliorate this issue is by breaking societal norms and pushing for more integration, breaking known mold that is the â€Å"common† American and smoldering the various ethnic identities into one, conjunctive melting pot.

The Tactics Of Nonviolent Action - 729 Words

To accept Gene Sharp’s argument that the techniques of nonviolent action are more effective than the violence of military action, we must first comprehend Gene Sharps interpretation of what military action is. Gene Sharp defines military action, when he states â€Å"Military action is based largely on the idea that the most effective way of defeating an enemy is by inflicting heavy destruction on his armies, military equipment, transport system, and cities.† Sharp accuses weapons for being the reason society accepts military action as the most effective means of defeating an enemy, for that weapons are designed to murder or destroy with maximal efficiency. Sharps belief, that any prospective replacements for war in the aegis of freedom must involve possessing and utilizing strength, colliding and testing an invaders military ability and power, and conducting efficient combat, can be achieved through nonviolent action. The techniques of nonviolent action follow Sharps credentials for being a substitute of war, by wielding power, confronting and engaging an invader’s military might, and waging an effective fight. For that, when performing a method of nonviolent action by declining aid and cooperation to a ruler’s power, it makes it impossible for a ruler to exercise authority over the population. A ruler can only successfully possess complete power, with public conformity over the people he or she rules. This ultimately constitutes nonviolent action as the most suitableShow MoreRelatedProtest Movement Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pages Protest Marches in 1960s Civil Rights Movement as A Nonviolent Tactic. We will show around the world that it is a lie that rulers have said black people are satisfied with the present situation (Electronic Journal, 2007, para. 3). This is the part of what Martin Luther King, Jr. said to explain how his nonviolent tactics work for acquiring civil rights of African Americans. In fact, nonviolent tactics contributed to several progresses of the civil rights movement, though it unfortunatelyRead MoreMartin Luther King Rhetorical Analysis1260 Words   |  6 Pagescan King justify using others’ violence to argue for nonviolence? Even though King’s tactics seems contradictory, it did help to encourage â€Å"white moderates† to advance his cause for equality, avoiding the violence of extremist groups. King was the leading voice in the fight against racial segregation and aided in amending the nation’s moral values. The way in which people thought about their actions, the actions of others, and that of the government were challenged and reexamined, which was necessaryRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail And Nonviolent Protests Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Letter from Birmingham jail† and Nonviolent Protests In Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham jail†, King talks about his imprisonment for his involvement in a nonviolent protest and defends his rights and moral grounds for organizing nonviolent protest activities. In this essay, I will look at his views on nonviolent protest and how they differ from todays violent protests. To understand King’s views on nonviolent protest, I will start by summarizing some of the main points in his â€Å"LetterRead MoreEssay Philosophies and Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pageswhite contributed to the development of rights for African Americans and other minorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goalsRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Henry David Thoreau1650 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia against a president they cannot accept. Nonviolent resistance has, in many ways, defined the resistance to authoritarian governments and decisions in the past century or so. But is it the most effective way to defeat authoritarian governments? Doesn’t defeating a truly authoritarian government -- a government led by a ruthless leader like Hitler -- require violence? Is using nonviolent resistance actually a way to acquiesce to the controlling powers, a way to show weakness? In his 1849Read More##eau, Gandhi, And King And Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience1317 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen changing. Instead of using violent tactics, such as war and destruction, reformers such as Thoreau, Gandhi, and King have brought about a more impactful way of protesting. Nonviolent protests are one of the most successful ways to bring about change, and it is through this method that we achieve our goals while at the same time keeping the peace. Setting a precedent even in the 21st century, Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience underlines the basis of nonviolent protests, and his essay has been used inRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1074 Words   |  5 Pagesserving a prison sentence in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama for nonviolently protesting through sit ins and marches.. It was during this time that King, outraged by the criticism of his methods of nonviolent direct action, wrote one of the most thoughtful arguments for civil disobedience and direct action against unjust and immoral laws. King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a poignant rebuttal to critics and clarified his argument, inspiring much of the American youth to rebel against the racialRead MoreCompare And Contrast Antigone And Martin Luther King1006 Words   |  5 Pagespassive action is the best and most moral way to achieve desired results, while others insist that forceful action quickly leads to a superior outcome. For instance, Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr. each fought against different injustices by utilizing nonviolent, but direct action. The two greatly felt the need for change, accepted the responsibility of their endeavors, and sacrificed their lives for important causes. While both passionately advocated for their beliefs, King’s tactics were moreRead MoreAnalysis of Mlks Three Ways of Meeting Oppression755 Words   |  4 Pageshas previously been addressed, such as submission and violence, and the best way to handle oppressive sit uations, by solving the problem from its core. King viewed succumbing to the hardships of oppression the same as accepting and condoning the actions of the oppressor. He reasoned this idea since the absence of opposition perpetuates oppression for the future generations. Therefore, one who does not stand up for rights and freedoms for themselves are condoning the maltreatment of their offspringRead MoreWhy We Can t Wait By Martin Luther King, Jr.994 Words   |  4 Pagesacts of violence. The second theme in this narrative is tactics of nonviolence. On page 16, the author discusses how nonviolence is a â€Å"powerful and just† weapon, and refers to it as a â€Å"sword that heals†. These tactics of nonviolence were the first time people had seen acts like these win, which created a successful victory for the Negro Revolution. An example of people’s reactions is present on page 20 when King says, â€Å"Since nonviolent action has entered the scene, however, the white man has gasped

Essay about The War of Rebellion The Civil War - 1260 Words

The Civil War was a very significant war that resulted in making the nation and the government stronger. Peculiarly both sides had very different views on what caused the war, what they wanted out of the war, and what the war meant resulting in what is considered the bloodiest war in America’s history, around six hundred thousand Confederate and Union soldiers died in battle. What did they all die for though? Depending on whether you were from the North or the South the answer to this question would vary. In fact, evidence from the speeches of leaders on both sides proves that each side had a very different meaning for the war and wished to achieve very different outcomes. Contrary to what I originally believed this war much more than the†¦show more content†¦Stephens even admitted that it was cause of the revolution (Stephens, 120.) It is no coincidence that shortly after President Lincoln was elected the Confederacy was created. His policies on slavery were a big di viding factor when it came to voters in the south. While he expressed that abolishing slavery was never on his agenda he did make it clear that he was going to stop the spread of it out west and contain it to the South where is previously existed. This is not what upset the south though. It was the Lincoln’s and the majority’s view that slaves or African Americans were equal in law to whites (Stephens, 135.) The Union did think slavery was wrong and should be abolished, but they were in no was ready to start a war over it. We see this from Lincoln in his inaugural address when he expresses there will be no conflict unless the South creates one. (Lincoln, 1861, 14) The Union blamed the South as the cause for the war. Their immature response to not getting what they wanted from the government is what started the conflict the day they attacked Fort Sumter. So basically it would appear that the South blamed the North for threatening to stop slavery and the North blames t he South for not seeing how wrong slavery was and creating the conflict in the first place. It was clear that the South was fighting for their right to own slaves, but what I didn’t realize was that theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of Rebellion And The Civil War926 Words   |  4 Pagesand differences that led to the civil war. The main being that the South wanted to keep on with slavery while the North did not. The civil war, also known as the War of Rebellion, began on April 12, 1861, and the last battle was on May 13, 1865. There was over three million soldiers fighting for the Confederates and the Union combined. There was around 600,000 casualties during this war, more on the Unions side. Abraham Lincoln played a big part in the Civil War considering that he was the presidentRead MoreJohn Locke And His Ideas Of Rebellion During The English Civil War2071 Words   |  9 Pageshis ideas of rebellion during the English civil war which took place in the mid-1600s, in favor of the revolts against the King’s rule in England at the time. John Locke graduated with a degree in medicine from Oxford University. He spent his entire life living in England until he was exiled to Holland, after the English government found his writings on the freedom from religion to be defiant of the king’s authority. The main idea that Locke was trying to establish was that rebellions against tyrannicalRead MoreSir I And His Archbishop Of Canterbury William Laud1649 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst this religious policy. The Scottish rebellion can be viewed as sowing the seeds for civil war in England by 1642 by fracturing that delicate and fragile union of the Three Kingdoms created by James I. However, there other factors which must be considered when looking at the causes of the civil war; these include Charles I’s financial policy, his religious policy in England, the Irish problem and finally his personality itself. The Scottish rebellion had a direct impact on Charles’s reign inRead MoreFirst Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagescommunist government to survive war and rebellion in the years 1918-1922. The communist government survived war and rebellion because of a variety of key figures including Lenin. However to say that Lenin was important is speculative, there were many events that occurred which Lenin didn’t contribute to which helped the communist government survive. It is possible to think that Lenin was not important in enabling the communist government to survive war and rebellion because of the kronstadt revoltRead MoreCivil Wars : The Most Common Form Of War1683 Words   |  7 Pages Even though it seems like war and violence are a widespread and common occurrence nowadays due to the media, in reality, we currently live in one of the most peaceful times in history. The prevalence of war is decreasing, especially between different countries. Even though the prevalence of wars is decreasing, civil wars are the most common form of war nowadays and surpasses the other types of war in the world. Over the course of time, civil wars have changed in a variety of ways. Not only has theRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag954 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson’s motto, â€Å"Rebellion to Tyrants is Obedience to God†, that originates from the Declaration of Independence sparked rebellious characters in U. S. History. Society has delineated the definition of rebel in several ways. Many, in the new era, do not know the history behind the meaning of a true rebel. The definition of rebel has changed in America from patriot in the time of the American R evolutionary war to confederate in the Civil War and to redneck in today’s societal controversyRead MoreThe Rise Of The Qing Dynasty852 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the years 1851-1866 there was massive civil war, or as some would consider it, a rebellion in China. This period of turmoil â€Å"was not only the most destructive war of the nineteenth century, but likely the bloodiest civil war of all time.† (Platt, 2012) The ruling government was the Qing dynasty, who had been in power since the mid 1600’s. There were widespread problems throughout the country including natural disasters such as â€Å"droughts, famines, and floods.† (Robert Worden, 1988) There wereRead MoreA People’s History: We Take Nothing by Conquest, Thank God, Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom the Other Civil War1464 Words   |  6 PagesA People’s History: We Take Nothing by Conquest, Thank God, Slavery Without Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom amp; The Other Civil War Chapter eight discusses the Mexican-American War. Zinn argues that while some people have represented the war as a popular cause, the truth was fairly different. He mentions that President James Polk pushed an expansionist agenda to excuse his conquest of Mà ©xico, and the press supported his actions by lying about the conflict and popular responseRead MoreModernization Of A Progressive Transition From A Modern Society1334 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. China had been through various wars and movements from the late 19th century until the mid 20th century before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Before the modernization of China, two major rebellions, which happened in the late 1900s had implicated strongly on her modernization process. One of the major rebellions, which affected deeply on China’s modernization process is the Taiping Rebellion (1850 – 1864), a massive civil war in the southern China that againstRead MoreThe Events That Caused The Civil War1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Events That Caused the Civil War One could argue that the true causes of the Civil War were states’ rights and taxations. Although this played a large part in the start of the Civil War, slavery was the ultimate factor that led to this event in history. Economic and social differences between the north and the south, fights between slave and non-slave proponents, the growth of the abolition movement, and the election of Abraham Lincoln are all events having to do with slavery in the United States

Ethical Reaction Accounting To the Dilemma †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Ethical Reaction Accounting To the Dilemma? Answer: Introduction: The process of simulation of the human intelligence as performed especially by the computers is referred to as the AI or Artificial Intelligence. The self-driving cars, autonomous in nature, outfitted with AI, have been conducting in-depth learning just like human brains (Deng, 2015). It has been felt that the implementation of such cars in real life could give birth to risks. However, there lie various expectations from such advanced technology. For the purpose of the given case study, ethical dilemmas, responses and values confronting AI are assessed. Ethical dilemma confronting AI: As the laws are unable to guide, returning to the moral compass is observed. Some of the ethical dilemmas identified are regarding: The Trolley Problem: Autonomous cars might face some no-win situations. Operating programs of them is expected to choose the lesser evil. However, it is an unreasonable faith to presume that the programming would sort the problems without any deliberate discussion on ethics. Human beings never think much regarding the difficult and uncomfortable choices to save others lives, but programmers have to do detailed analysis on that. Ethics regarding number of life of people in danger is incomplete and nave (Conitzer et al., 2017). Conflicting values, duties and rights come into play here. The road ahead: The responsibilities of the automated cars must vary. Some of the AI cars could be obligated in dangerous situations to sacrifice themselves with their occupants. Others might not do such. For common sense in risk, the insurance is the ultimate line of defense. There is an argument that insurance industries would go belly-up as the risk of insurance against gets minimized (Bonnefon, Shariff Rahwan, 2016). The susceptibility of the cars to hacking is a concern. The way it would behave under hijack or breaking in is likely to be seen. Ethical response to the dilemma according to the consequences alone: For obvious reasons there have been no-win scenarios. This has been really bad for both the AI consultant and customers of the cars. As any human driver makes any fatal snap-decision during emergency, it would be just a tragic accident. The driver would be hard-pressed to be blamed upon. However, if any AI driver performs the same mistake it stays no longer any unfortunate reflex. It is like a premeditated homicide. The AI consultant must suggest the cars to be programmed such that its behavior is purposely trained or scripted. Hence there lies imposition for the legal liability (Burton et al., 2017). There are ethical responses as any automaker thinks that it would be better to choose one persons life than more than one. It could be said that there has been decision to be assumed right. However, if decided systematically the protection to the driver is ber alles be faulted. This is especially in such cases where the decision of design has been made by consulting the AI consultants in secret unilaterally. Ethical response to those dilemma according the principles and duties of AI consultant: The first problem about the ethical response according to any consistent principle applications is that the futures of the AI-cars are unpredictable. However, the AI consultants have various tasks required to perform. One part of the issue is the lack of imagination of the AI consultants. The responsibilities of the AI consultants have been in the horseless carriage level of the technology. They have been aware of describing the technology as they are not rather than fighting over what they have been truly (Casey, 2017). The AI-cars has not been replacing the human drivers just like the human drivers when fist came into being did not replace the horses. The decision of the AI consultants would impact the automating transportation. This would the change our society in radical approaches. Only ethics could help guiding it. Ethical response to the dilemma according response of caring persons: The assistive technologies for the disabled and the aging populations have been pioneered by various researches. However there have been risks regarding the dependency of the assistance of artificial intelligence companions for the caring persons. Regarding the autonomous cars, the researches should ask cogent queries about the usage of its creations. The ethics at the interface of the robot-human is required to be addressed. Ethical does about human beings and for the machines are needed to be analyzed. It has been a serious subject of concern for various growing nations. There should be legislations targeting the issues of AI cars. There should be professional ethical codes for the designers of robots and the engineers like other disciplines (Malle et al., 2015). As per as caring of persons are concerned issues must be factorized regarding deployment, building and designing of robots. The ACS Code of Professional Conduct: An important professional characteristic is been required for the members to follow the ethical codes. The code of ACS, has been established as professional conducting code as a part of the regulations in the society. These could be applied to any member of the ACS. Working in the area of ICT or Information and communication technology, has determined six fundamental ethical values. Along with these necessities for the professional conducts are included. The society has been demanding the members to follow the values and acts with integrity and responsibilities. The code has been intended as a collection of rule for the acceptable models to be practiced in the ICT industry. It has been backed up by the advisory materials for particular fields like artificial intelligence (Bostrom Yudkowsky, 2014). The artificially intelligent cars have been now able to tackle various everyday tasks. The technologies have been continuing to evolve. With the tackling of different jobs it has been overthrowing the employers working on those specific tasks. However, various organizations have been embracing such tasks saving energies. The human beings have been lying over the edge of the inflation point. The self driving cars have been come out on todays roads, the harbingers of the driverless world. The world of the self-driving cars has been appealing for certain reasons as discussed in a session of ACS strategy. The time wasted over traffic could be put for better usages (Bringsjord Sen, 2016). Despite these, the world wide usage of the autonomous cars indicates that professional drivers would be thrown out of their professions. There would be millions of truck drivers that have been standing to lose their work as the self-driving cars become a norm. Provide defenses on ethical grounds: The AI has been able to collect and assess videos from various users. Thus they could alert them about the potential dangers. The gathered information could send to a network, using real-time interpretation. This has been done for anticipating the smartest action course for the cars minimizing harms or doing away with the accidents completely. It would also be able to alert other drivers as detected by another user or included in any crash. The AI delivers the pivotal connection between the autonomous future and contemporary vehicles. Presently, most of the cars do not involve the continuous functioning sensors or cameras which could sort the accident avoidance or detection (Stock, Guerini Pianesi, 2016). However, various organizations are looking for such technologies. These would become reality in the years to come. Thus various benefits could be provided by such autonomous vehicles avoiding accidents on the roads. Solving of the ethical dilemma by AI consultants: The self-driving cars could help in putting an end to the quantity of tragic incidents with serious injuries occurring more often in the current world. Regardless the quantity and quality of self-resistance and crash-avoidable functionalities the car may possess, it is urged to be urged to the drivers from the side of AI consultants to drive responsible with caution. The AI consultant should observe certain points (Etzioni Etzioni, 2016). Making sure that the driver is sober: As drink is consumed, it is not suggested to go beyond the wheel-period. Being well rested before starting journey: Like the drunk driving, the fatigue driving could be just as dangerous as it. Following the posted laws of traffic: The rules are meant for keeping the system and others secured. Paying attention on the roads: Every distraction must be put away like the cell phones. Avoiding the road rage: Keeping the anger and emotions in control is desired. Otherwise it could result in dangerous outcomes while driving (Etzioni Etzioni, 2016). Conclusion: As the autonomous cars have been becoming widespread, questions have been arising regarding security. This also includes the assurance that the technology is safe and tested properly before releasing on roads. The vehicles with their connected infrastructure create scopes for attacks. There have been also various questions regarding ethics. The automated cars have been promising high profits and undesired consequences difficult to indicate. Changes are inescapable and it has been not necessarily a poor factor by itself. However, the main damages and disruptions are to be avoided and anticipated wherever possible. This is responsibilities of ethics in the public policies as indicated by the ACS code of conduct. 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